2024-07-06

IB MYP Individuals and Societies Syllabus (Grade 1-5)

Assessment Criteria, as stated in IB MYP Subject Brief for Individuals and Societies:

Each objective corresponds to one of four equally weighted assessment criteria. Each criterion has eight possible achievement levels (1–8), divided into four bands with unique descriptors that teachers use to make judgments about students’ work.

Criterion A: Knowing and understanding

Students develop factual and conceptual knowledge about individuals and societies.

Students should be able to:

Use context-appropriate terminology
Give descriptions, explanations, and examples to show what they’ve learned

Learning Progression

Year 1	Year 3	Year 5
Criterion A: Knowing and Understanding
Use of context-appropriate vocabulary. Give descriptions, explanations, and examples to demonstrate understanding.	Use a variety of context-appropriate terms. Give descriptions, explanations, and examples to demonstrate understanding.	Use a vast variety of context-appropriate terms. Showcase a deep understanding of subject-specific content and concepts through well-developed descriptions, explanations, and examples.

Criterion B: Investigating

Students develop systematic research skills and processes associated with disciplines in the humanities and social sciences. Students develop successful strategies for investigating independently and in collaboration with others.

Students should be able to:

Ask relevant research questions and give reasons for their importance
Form a plan and probe into the research question using it
Employ research methods to gather the required information
Assess the process and outcomes of the research

Also Read: Comprehensive IB Chemistry SL & HL Syllabus

Learning Progression

Year 1	Year 3	Year 5
Criterion B: Investigating
Justify the choice of a research question, explaining why it’s important. Execute a step-by-step plan to explore the chosen research question. Gather and document the information relevant to the research question. Reflect on the process and outcomes of the research.	Develop a precise and relevant research question, justifying its significance. Execute a step-by-step plan to investigate the chosen research question. Employ methods to gather and document information relevant to the research question. Assess the process and outcomes of the research with guidance.	Develop a precise and relevant research question, justifying its significance. Execute a step-by-step plan to investigate the chosen research question. Employ research methods to gather and document varied information relevant to the research questionP Assess the process and outcomes of the research.

Criterion C: Communicating

Students develop skills to organize, document and communicate their learning using a variety of media and presentation formats.

Students should be able to:

Convey information and ideas tailored to the audience and purpose
Organise information and ideas appropriate to designated formats
Record information sources using recognized conventions

Learning Progression

Year 1	Year 3	Year 5
Criterion C: Communicating
Present information and ideas clearly. Structure information and ideas appropriately for the given task. Document sources of information following task guidelines.	Present information and ideas appropriate for the audience and purpose. Structure information and ideas appropriately for the given task according to the task instructions. Compile a reference list and cite sources used.	Present information and ideas effectively, appropriate for the audience and purpose. Structure information and ideas according to the specific format. Properly document information sources using an accepted convention.

Criterion D: Thinking critically

Students use critical-thinking skills to develop and apply their understanding of individuals and societies and the process of investigation.

Students should be able to:

Engage in discussions on concepts, issues, models, visual representations, and theories
Utilise information to construct valid arguments
Analyse and evaluate a variety of sources and data, considering their origin, purpose, value, and limitations
Understand different perspectives and their ramification

Learning Progression

Year 1	Year 3	Year 5
Criterion D: Thinking Critically
Recognize the key points of ideas, events, visuals, or arguments. Use the information to support a viewpoint. Identify and examine various sources/data, considering where they come from and why they were created. Recognize diverse viewpoints and their consequences.	Examine concepts, issues, models, visuals, or theories. Summarize information to create valid, well-supported arguments. Assess a variety of sources/data based on their origins and intentions, acknowledging their strengths and weaknesses. Acknowledge and explain different perspectives and their impacts.	Explore concepts, issues, models, visuals, and theories through discussion Combine information to form logical and well-supported arguments. Assess and critique a range of sources/data regarding their origins and intentions, examining their strengths and weaknesses. Interpret various perspectives and their consequences.

Conceptual Understanding

In the MYP, the aim is to develop conceptual understanding so students can learn to use concepts through which they can understand and comprehend things at personal, local and global level. Conceptual understanding helps in solving problems, analysing issues and reflecting on decisions. It is developed through prescribed key and related concepts.

KEY CONCEPTS

CHANGE

The concept of change is universal as it applies to all the forces that shape the past, present and future. Change can be natural or artificial, positive or negative, can affect a variety of things or a number of people. Inquiry into the process of change is important for Individuals and Societies.

GLOBAL INTERACTIONS

The concept of Global interactions focuses on how individuals and communities relate to each other and the environment around them. For Individals and societies, this idea emphasises the interconnectedness of people around the world. It includes how people manage conflicts and cooperation and how the world continues to achieve higher levels of interconnectedness.

SYSTEMS

Systems are a set of things that interact with each other as a part of an interconnected whole. They provide structure and order to different kinds of interactions. They can be of various types. They become an efficient tool for learning about the built and natural environment and the position of human beings within them.

TIME, PLACE AND SPACE

Time, place and space are inherently connected. The concept of time, place and space answers to our questions of ‘where’ and ‘when’, which is crucial for understanding in individuals and societies. Time helps in making sense of the causes and consequences of events and not just locate them in terms of time periods or years. Space and place talk about the where and why, which includes the locations, be it local or global and the social interactions and process.

Related Concepts

The following table showcases different MYP ‘Related concepts’ according to different subject areas. These concepts help identify the key areas that the students are expected to learn to acquire deep learning during their MYP studies.

Economics	Geography	History
Choice Globalisation Poverty Scarcity Consumption Growth Power Sustainability Equity Model Resources trade	Causality Diversity Networks Processes Culture Globalization Patterns and trends Scale Disparity and equity Management and interventionn Power Sustainability	Causality Cooperation Identity Interdependence Civilization Culture Ideology Perspective Conflict Governance Innovation and revolution significance

Topics common to Economics, Geography and History (Integrated Humanities)
Causality Equity Innovation and revolution Processes	Perspective Resources Culture Identity Choice	Power Sustainability Globalization

The following table showcases different MYP concepts according to different additional subject areas in Individuals and Societies

Business Management	Causality, competition, cooperation, culture, ethics, innovation, globalization, innovation, leadership, power, processes, strategy, structure
Philosophy	Alterity, being and becoming, belief, causality, human nature, identity, knowledge, liberty, mind/body, objectivity/subjectivity, personality, values
Psychology	Behaviour, bond, cognition, consciousness, development, disorder, group, learning, mental health, mind, symptoms, unconsciousness
Sociology/Anthropology	Agency, community, culture, identity, institutions, meaning, norms, social interactions, socialisation, social status and role, structure, subjectivity
Political Science/Civics/Governance	Authority, citizenship, conflict, cooperation, globalization, government, ideologies, integration, interdependence, leadership, power, rights
World Religions	Authority, beliefs, deity, destiny, doctrines, morality, religious feelings, rituals and rights, sacredness, symbolism, tradition, worship

ATL Skills

Thinking skills

Take note of different perspectives to enrich the discussion.

Social skills

Actively seek constructive criticism and feedback from various sources such as teachers and peers, and make informed decisions regarding its incorporation into one’s work.

Communication skills

Use proper format of writing for an academic fieldwork report.

Self-management skills

Organize information properly in an oral presentation.

Research skills

Formulate compelling and pertinent research inquiries to guide an investigation

MYP eAssessment

TASK	DESCRIPTION	MARKS	CRITERION ASSESSED	CRITERION MARKS
Investigating	This would include task where the skill of formulating and explaining research questions, making action plan and assessing research process and result would be useful. Students will attempt this with the help from their course material or information presented in the source material.	26	A	6
B	20
Communicating	This task requires the students to write on a topic using proper style suitable to the context and audience. The response could include- creative writing, letter, poster, speech, article, presentation, etc.	18	A	6
C	12
Thinking Critically	This task would assess the student’s ability to form arguments and present different points of view through well-organised answers. Here too, the students will attempt this with the help from their course material or information presented in the source material.	36	A	8
C	8
D	20
Total marks	80

Assessment Tasks

Assessing Objective B: Investigating

Some suggested formats-

Essays or research papers
Fieldwork
Web quests
Problem-solving scenarios
Role plays

Assessing Objective C: Communicating

Some suggested formats-

Written reports
Presentations
Animations and cartoons
Maps
Diagrams
Flowcharts
Storyboards
Podcasts
Websites

Please find the detailed syllabus for each grade from MYP 1-5 given below.

MYP 1

There are a total of 6 units under Individuals and Societies MYP 1.

Unit 1: What does it mean to be a global citizen?

Subtopic	Description
Issues of global concern.	Environmental degradation. Politics. Terrorism. Human rights. Wars. Depletion and access of resources. Health issues.
How have different environments been damaged by human action?	Case study- Plastic in oceans. Consequences of plastic in oceans. How can the problem of plastic in oceans be solved and the role of being a global citizen be fulfilled? Case study 2- Deforestation. Consequences of deforestation. How can the problem of deforestation be solved and the role of being a global citizen be fulfilled?
Human rights.	Human rights are the fundamental rights that every human deserves regardless of caste, race, gender, colour or financial status. Creation of the United Nations. Universal declaration of Human Rights. Personalities that fought for the equal distribution of human rights and humanity.
Human rights issues facing children.	Child labour. Case study- Creation of Sustainable Development goals.
Reflection.	Issues affecting people and the planet. Consequences of such issues. Solutions to bring an end to such issues. Importance of being a good global citizen to bring about change.

Unit 2: How can maps provide us with a sense of time, place and space?

Subtopic	Description
What are maps?	Maps are the visual representations of geographical areas and are available in different forms. Study of maps- cartography. Different types of maps, Political Topographic Data and resource Physical Road Satellite
How to use maps?	Features to study maps, Direction Scale Symbols Grid reference
How is height represented on a map?	Contour lines Relief Contour interval Representation of height on a map.
How can maps help in understanding time, place and space?	Maps give indications about locations and even developmental planes from a certain time period by comparing it with the most recent ones. Detailed understanding about different places, city structure, features of a location, natural features, building, different types of land etc. Maps also indicate information about different spots and other landmarks in a location, which can be helpful in studying trends from the past. Provide insight into scale, direction, elevation, distance, height etc.
Are maps trustworthy?	Pros and cons of trusting maps on different bases with the help of examples.
Reflection.	Different types of maps. Different ways of using a map. Studying a map with the help of its features. Understanding different pieces of information with the help of maps. Pros and cons of using and trusting maps. Understanding that inference of maps can be affected by personal perspective.

Unit 3: What can we learn from different civilizations?

Subtopic	Description
How can we find out about the past?	Study of history using evidence from the past. Primary and secondary historical sources. Effect of interpretation on studying the past. What is a civilization? Cause and effect of civilization. What can be learnt from different civilizations? River Valley civilization.
What were the achievements of the Sumerian civilization?	Mesopotamia. Development of Sumerian civilization. Innovative ideas of the Sumerians. Writing Farming The wheel Numbers Building Bronze
Other civilizations that flourished in Mesopotamia.	Other civilizations that flourished other than Sumerians were Babylonians and Assyrians.
Achievements of Egyptian civilizations.	Different kingdoms in Ancient Egypt along with their timelines. Achievements of Egyptian civilizations. Agriculture and Irrigation Cities Construction Writing Medicine
Major contributions of the Ancient Greek civilization.	The classical era witnessed major advancements and contributions of the Ancient Greek civilization. Democracy Philosophy Significant individuals of Ancient Greece
How did Roman civilization change over time?	Roman republic and Roman empire.
Legacy of Roman civilization.	Roman numerals Julian calendar Language Public health Law and Politics Religion
Maya and Inca civilizations.	Features of Maya civilization. Features of Inca civilization.
Reflection.	Importance of past evidence. Study of history with the help of the past. Significant ancient civilizations. Effects of ancient civilizations on the world today.

Unit 4: Where do we live?

Subtopic	Description
What are the different types of settlement?	What is a settlement? Hierarchy of settlement. Purpose and function of different settlements. Types of settlement patterns.
Optimal location for a settlement.	A few points have to be checklisted to ensure a good location for a settlement, like: Access to water Quality of land Defence Shelter Availability of natural resources Attractiveness of the area Function
Transition of settlements over time.	Changes in settlements over time are inevitable. Settlements can be affected by wars, natural disasters, technology, disease, politics and a number of other factors. Case study 1- Hong Kong, Sar China Case study 2- London, UK Case study 3- Mexico city, Mexico
Urban growth?	What is urban growth? Reasons for migration from rural to urban areas: push and pull factors. Development of megacities. Services that urban areas provide to people.
Abandonment of some settlements.	Challenges faced by settlements. Case study- Pripyat, Ukraine Case study- Bodie, USA
How can settlements be more sustainable?	The sustainable development goals as released by the United Nations in 2015. Target of sustainable development goals. Sustainable practices for cities. Is Frankfurt, Germany a sustainable city?
Reflection.	Development of settlements. Factors affecting settlements. Factors influencing the viability of a settlement. Migration from rural to urban areas. Sustainability of settlements in order to improve quality of life and people of the present and future.

Unit 5: What do people believe in?

Subtopic	Description
Beliefs of major world religions.	Different religions have different religious beliefs that affect their dressing, eating and routine preferences. In addition to this there are a number of varied rituals and practices that are unique to different cultures. Major world religions include: Buddhism Christianity Hinduism islam Judaism
What is indigenous belief?	Indigenous groups: The Ainu people The tuareg people The Tlinglit people The Awa people
What examples are there of non-religious belief?	Atheism Agnostics humanists
Reflection.	Different belief systems. How do different belief systems affect people? Impact of different belief systems on people’s identity, lifestyles, rituals and different practices.

Unit 6: What factors contribute to the fairness and development of societies?

Subtopic	Description
What do we need?	Difference between wants and needs. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs.
Poverty	What is poverty? Two major types of poverty: absolute poverty and relative poverty. Case study- Poverty in the USA. What is the poverty trap?
What is development and how do we measure it?	What is economic development? Ways to measure development.
Development of a country	What factors affect the development of a country? Geographic Historical Political Economic
Health and wealth	Connection between health and wealth.
Resources	How can resources help to reduce extreme poverty? Ways in which poverty can be reduced? Case study- Fairtrade
Aid	What is aid?
Reflection	Poverty How does poverty affect people throughout the world? Development of countries. Solutions to improve fairness and development of different societies.

MYP 2

There are a total of 6 units under Individuals and societies MYP 2.

Unit 1: How has globalization shaped the world?

Subtopic	Description
What is globalization?	Presence of trade and technology have knitted the various parts of the world together and made it interconnected. The world has turned into a small village.
Causes of globalization.	Development in transportation. Sources of communication and technology. Trade. Availability of labour.
Is globalization a new concept?	Globalization is not a new concept. Over the years a variety of changes have been making the world more and more interconnected, ranging from the invention of the wheel in ancient years to the invention of internet and social media apps today. Globalization is an old concept, but it is to notice that the pace of globalization has increased immensely in the recent years with the advent of technology.
Has globalization affected language?	English- becoming the preferred language throughout the world as it is the primary language for work and school. Other languages that are preferred for international business include Spanish, Mandarin Chinese and Arabic. Mixing of languages. Influence of culture of a country on a language.
What are transitional corporations?	Development of industries. Transitional corporations refer to businesses that are run in various countries like Starbucks, McDonalds, Taco bell, KFC etc. Creation of franchises. Positive and negative consequences of transitional corporations.
How has globalization affected sport?	Advertising sports through creative commercials and presenting them throughout the world using technology. Advertising with the help of famous personalities and brands to attract an audience. Popular sports around the world.
How has globalization affected the gaming industry?	Development of the internet and technology. Collaborating and playing with other gamers from different parts of the world online. Building friendships online. Pros and cons of gaming.
Reflection.	Causes and consequences of globalization. Social, cultural and economic consequences. Advantages and disadvantages of globalization. Effect of globalization on the world.

Unit 2: Why are natural environments important to individuals and societies?

Subtopic	Description
What are biomes and where can they be found?	A large area that has similar vegetation, climate and animals is known as a biome. Location of biomes. Examples of biomes (desert biomes in Africa). Main features of biomes.
How does climate affect a biome?	Climate is one of the main factors that affects the makeup of biomes. In turn climate is affected by multiple factors like. Latitude Distance from sea Altitude Ocean currents
Representation of climate on a graph.	Representing the climate of an area in a graphical/pictorial form.
Working of varied environments as an organised system.	Ecosystem- different living organisms living within an environment while being dependent on each other. Different types of organisms of an ecosystem- Producers Consumers Scavengers Decomposers Food webs.
What impact humans have left on environments?	Case study- grassland biome- agriculture in the Pampas in South America. Case study- rainforest biome- Congo basin, Africa.
How is climate change affecting natural environments?	Consequences of climate change.
How has globalization affected the gaming industry?	Development of the internet and technology. Collaborating and playing with other gamers from different parts of the world online. Building friendships online. Pros and cons of gaming.
Sustainability.	Maintenance of resources for the future.
Reflection.	Different natural environments. Working of environments in a system. Relationship of different categories within the environment. Effect of natural hazards. Effect of human activities. Sustainable use of resources.

Unit 3: What was life like in the Middle Ages?

Subtopic	Description
When was the middle age?	Timeline of middle age. Importance of sustainability and continuity in middle ages. Life in the Middle ages.
Decline of Roman empire.	Impact of decline of Roman empire. Dark age.
Society during the middle ages.	Structure of feudal system.
Life in Britain during the Middle ages.	Invasions. Life in England. Domesday book. The black death.
The empires that expanded themselves in the Middle age.	Golden age of Islam. The Crusades. The Mongol Empire.
How is climate change affecting natural environments?	Consequences of climate change.
Life in China during the Middle ages.	Timeline of chinese. The Song Dynasty.
Reflection.	Structure of society. Challenges of people including conflict, disease and inequality. Progress in the middle ages in the field of science, technology, and law. Development of society. Insights into the lives of people.

Unit 4: How does exploration affect global interactions?

Subtopic	Description
Why do people explore?	Exploration refers to hunting out for ways and perspectives to look at things.
Effect of exploration on early societies.	Establishment of trade routes. The story of an early explorer, Marco Polo and his contribution in exploration.
Causes and consequences of ‘Age of Exploration’.	Exploration as a global phenomenon. Period of Renaissance. Developments during the period. Effect of exploration on global interactions. Significant personalities and their achievements. The Columbian exchange. Conquistadors.
How does industrialization affect exploration?	Growth of industries. Developments as a result of industrialisation. Development of transport routes. Expansion of empires. Effects of growth of tourism and travelling.
Famous female explorers.	Names and achievements of famous female explorers.
Exploration in the 21st century.	Invention of technology. Expeditions to space. Landing on the moon.
Reflection.	Different explorations. Effect of exploration on the world. Importance of exploration.

Unit 5: How can energy be produced sustainably?

Subtopic	Description
Natural resources.	Biotic and abiotic resources. Use of natural resources. Renewable, non-renewable and sustainable resources.
Human and economic resources.	Examples of human and economic resources. Using resources to create products.
Renewable, non-renewable and sustainable resources.	Difference between renewable, non-renewable and sustainable resources. Case study- Hydroelectric power- Itaipu dam. Case study- Masdar city.
Wind power.	Viability of wind as a source of power. How can energy be produced sustainably?
Reflection.	Use of natural resources. Ways to produce energy. Renewable and non-renewable sources of energy. Advantages and disadvantages of renewable sources of energy.

Unit 6: How have innovations and ideas changed the world?

Subtopic	Description
What is an idea or innovation?	Ideas, innovations and achievements. Renaissance and enlightenment.
Innovation and ideas that came from the period of Renaissance/	Renaissance means rebirth. Description about renaissance. Key ideas of renaissance like, Humanism Classicism Perspective Natural world
Significant personalities of the Renaissance.	Significant personalities of the Renaissance. Leonardo Da Vinci Michelangelo Other ideas and innovations from the Renaissance. The printing press Advances in astronomy
What makes an innovation or idea significant?	Ideas that bring significant changes and development.
Reflection.	Ideas and innovations during Renaissance and Enlightenment. Developments during Renaissance and Enlightenment. Ideas and innovations in arts, sciences, politics and astronomy. Consequences of change, ideas and innovation.

MYP 3

There are a total of 6 units under Individuals and Societies MYP 3.

Unit 1: How are societies governed?

Subtopic	Description
Monarchy	Monarchy is a form of government where an individual has power over the people and is put in-charge because he heirs from a particular family. Different types of monarchies, Elective monarchies Self-proclaimed monarchy Absolute monarchy. Location of monarchies around the world.
Monarchy in Japan and the UK.	Monarchy in Japan, Powers of the monarch. Facts about monarchy in Japan. Timeline of monarchy in Japan throughout history. Powerful Japanese monarchs. Setting up a constitutional monarchy in Japan. Imperial Palace, Tokyo- residence of the monarch. Monarchy in the UK. The UK is also a constitutional monarchy. Powers of the monarch. Buckingham Palace, London- residence of the monarch. Role of monarch. Over time the power of monarchy has decreased and the power of parliament has increased. Arguments in favour of and against monarchy.
How does democracy work?	Quotes on democracy by famous personalities. Democracy is a type of government where the citizens have the right to voice their opinion in the running of the government and passing of laws. Leaders are chosen by the will of the people using the process of voting. Types of democracy, Direct democracy Representative democracy Features of a successful democracy. Problems regarding democracy. Case study- Democracy in Athens. Origin of the word democracy. Process of democracy in Ancient Greece. 3 main branches of governance in Ancient Athens. The Ekklesia The Boule The Dikasteria
How have modern democracies developed?	History of democracy and examples, The Magna Carta, 1215 The American Constitution, 1787 The French Revolution, 1787-99 Votes for women The Civil Right Movement The fall of the Berlin Wall
What is a dictatorship?	Dictatorship is a form of government where the country is ruled solely by a single individual, known as the dictator. A dictatorship ruled by a small group is known as an oligarchy. Dictatorships are examples of authoritarian states. Examples of dictatorships in Germany, Italy and Japan. Features of Totalitarian states (having total control over citizens of a state), An ideology Cult of personality Fear repression and terror Propaganda and censorship State-controlled economic policies Case study- Life in North Korea
Reflection.	3 different systems of governance, Monarchy Democracy Dictatorship Pros and cons of each type of governance.

Unit 2: What are natural hazards and how do societies respond to them?

Subtopic	Description
The structure of Earth.	The four layers of Earth. Inner core Outer core Mantle Crust Movement of plates.
Plate tectonics.	The theory of plate tectonics. Divergent plate boundaries. Convergent plate boundaries. Transform plate boundaries.
Causes and consequences of earthquakes and volcanoes.	Earthquakes Causes of earthquakes Focus and epicentre Richter scale Consequences of earthquakes Volcanoes Causes of volcanoes Types of volcano Consequences of volcanoes
The different ways to respond to natural disasters.	Factors influencing the impact of a natural disaster Case Study- Nepal Earthquake,2014. Case Study- Mount Merapi Volcanic Eruptions, Indonesia, 2010 Case Study- Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami, 2004
How do disasters affect the identities of societies?	Effects on identity and culture of a society.
Reflection.	Causes and consequences of natural hazards. Earthquakes and Volcanoes. Response to hazards by societies. Factor determining their severity. Case Studies.

Unit 3: How can new technologies affect our identities and relationships?

Subtopic	Description
What have been some of the major technological breakthroughs in history?	Advancements in technology and improvements in tool making and machinery.
How did television shape society?	Television- as a common source of entertainment. Influence of television on the lives of people. How television affects the society, in different ways, Social Economic Political Cultural Ethical
How have computers changed the way we live and work?	Quotes on computers from different people. Using computers in different ways, Work Entertainment Communication Industry Creativity War
Reflection.	Effect of technology on everyday life. Social, economical and political effects of technology. Positive and negative aspects of these effects.

Unit 4: Where are all the people?

Subtopic	Description
Pattern of global population change.	Pre-1800. The Industrial Revolutions of the Nineteenth Century. The Twentieth Century and Beyond.
What processes contribute to population change?	Birth Rate. Death Rate. Migration.
How can we model population change?	What is Democracy? The stages of population structure. Population Pyramids.
What are some of the social issues that can be caused by population change?	Case Study- Overcrowding in Lagos, Nigeria. Case Study- Ageing Population in Hong Kong. Case Study- Declining Population in Detroit, USA.
Reflection.	Changing nature of world population. Different methods of modelling population. Related social issues. Methods for sustainable development for an equitable society.

Unit 5: What is culture?

Subtopic	Description
Culture.	What is Culture? Anthropology and anthropologists. The Cultural Iceberg.
Expressing Culture.	Holidays and Celebrations. The Arts. Food. Architecture. Clothing. Case Study- The Day of the Dead Festival, Mexico. Case Study- Grunge Music in the 1990’s.
How does culture depend on time, place and space?	Factors affecting culture. Environment System of governance Time Period Technological innovation
Multiculturalism.	Existence of multiculturalism around the globe through migration. What are multicultural societies? Homogeneous societies.
How do different societies create their own culture?	Culture at organisations. Conflicts threatening culture.
Reflection.	The contrasting definitions and types of culture. Ways of expressing culture. How does culture affect our identity? How does culture shape our society?

Unit 6: Why do societies experience revolution?

Subtopic	Description
Revolution.	Quotes by different personalities on revolution. What is a revolution? Revolutions vs Rebellions Types of Revolutions Political Social Technological/ Industrial Cultural Religious
Causes and consequences of the Russian Revolution?	Russia at the start of the Twentieth century. The 1905 Revolution. The Impact of the First World War. The February Revolution. The influence of Karl Marx on Russian Society. Information about varied personalities during the time period. The October Revolution and the consequences.
What role does propaganda play in revolutions?	What is propaganda and its uses? Use of propaganda during Russian revolution.
Causes and consequences of the Chinese Revolution.	China in the nineteenth century. European colonialism Rebellions Reform movements Political groups The Xinhai Revolution of 1911. The crucial personalities during the Chinese Revolution. The Chinese Republic and after.
Reflection	Nature of revolutions. Varying types of revolutions in society. Examples of political revolutions. Relevance of revolutions in the twenty-first century.

MYP 4&5

GEOGRAPHY

There are a total of 12 units under Individuals and Societies (Geography) MYP 4&5.

Unit 1: What do geographers do?

Subtopic	Description
Importance of Geography	Famous Geographers of the world Earth’s social and environmental issues explained through the interconnectedness of different places.
Skills of a geographer	Maps: the science of place and space Maps are the diagrammatic representation of an area; vital tools of geographers Aim of map analysis Statistics in Geography- Pattern and Trends Scatter Graphs
Geography and Change in Time and Space	Techniques Geographers use to analyse the cause and consequences of daily actions Conflict Matrices OPVL source analysis Sequencing flow, systems and landform diagrams
How do geographers think?	Geographic Information System (GIS) for spatial analysis How to use ArcGIS online map Benefits and drawbacks Adding layers and map notes
Investigating diverse human and physical systems	Organising and Conducting an Inquiry
Reflection	Different skills and techniques used by geographers Geography to understand changes over time and space Geographical Inquiry

Unit 2: How many are we? How many should we be?

Subtopic	Description
World Population	Population density Dot map of the world population
Measuring Population Growth	Factors affecting population growth Crude birth rate Crude death rate Immigration Emigration Life Expectancy Fertility rate Infant mortality rate Child mortality rate
Representing Population trends and patterns	Figures on global population trend Bar and line graphs Doubling time
Processes driving trends and patterns of population growth	Demographic transition model which shows how birth rate and death rate affect the population growth. Demographic transition model for the UK Population structure Population pyramid or age-sex pyramid Population pyramid of Niger and the UK
Population Management	Demographic dividend Issues related to population Aging population; pros and cons for policymakers
Effect of migration on population	Migration is the movement of people. It can be of different types. Immigration and Emigration International and National Voluntary and forced Lee’s Model of Migration Push factors Pull factors Example of Qatar through its population pyramid Causes of forced migration Conflict between countries or civil war Climate change Land grabbing
Rights and responsibilities for future populations	Government policies Pro-natalist policy Anti-natalist policies or policies to combat overpopulation Example of China Female infanticide
Reflection	Changes in patterns and trends of population growth Reasons for changes and the impacts Causes and consequences of migration Rights and responsibilities towards population management Link between population growth and poverty and the effects of forced migration

Unit 3: Where are the city limits?

Subtopic	Description
Urbanisation	Process of population shift from rural to urban areas
Megacities	Conurbation and agglomeration Settlement hierarchy model Trends in urbanisation across the world Land use models The Burgess Model The Hoyt model
Reasons for the increase in urbanisation and its consequences	Reasons for urbanisation Consequences Trends in the coming up of megacities around the World
Improvement of lives of inhabitants of cities	Example of Urban regeneration in London Social conditions Economic conditions Environmental conditions Gentrification
Sustainable Management of urban areas	Pillars of sustainability- environmental, social and economic Examples from around the world of cities that are becoming more sustainable
Reflection.	Urban growth since the 20th century Causes and consequences of urban growth Sustainable urban management and related challenges

Unit 4: How can we manage the interactions of water and land?

Subtopic	Description
Elements of river basins and how rivers change downstream	Drainage basin and hydrological cycle Processes in a river Erosion Transportation Deposition Bradshaw model for how a river changes downstream River profile
Elements of coastal change	Types of waves- destructive and constructive Erosional and transportation processes in coastal areas Longshore drift
Landforms along rivers	Vallets Waterfalls Meanders Ox-bow lakes Delta
Coastal landforms	Stacks and arch Wave-cut platform Lagoon and spit Bay
Impact of human activity on river and coastal regions	Flooding Natural and human causes of flooding Hydrographs Flood prevention Hard and soft methods for protecting a river Hard methods: dams, flood relief channels, embankments, river straightening channelisation and dredging, levees Soft methods: afforestation, Floodplain zoning, flood warning and preparation
Human intervention	Examples of hard and soft engineering used in coastal protection
Reflection	Ways in which systems of water and natural processes change landscapes Human intervention in these processes Types of technologies used to protect land from water

Unit 5: How sustainable is global economic growth?

Subtopic	Description
World pattern of resource production and consumption	Classification of resources Renewable and non-renewable resources Exploitation of natural resources Types of production Consumption of natural resources Material footprint Global economic growth rates and rates of consumption Examples of global oil, meat, fish and seafood production and consumption and, freshwater resources, and agricultural water consumptions Analysing the relationship between energy use and wealth
Influence of global interactions on production and consumption of resources	MNCs and TNCs and how their growth has led to increase in consumption of natural resources and how there are other implications of such companies Top 100 economic powers Implication of improvement in technology Outsourcing Supply chain Case study of the supply chain of a smartphone
Sustainability and global consumption levels	Environmental impacts of global resource production and consumption Water acidification Eutrophication Case study of the impacts of global food production on tropical rainforest biomes Ecological footprints
How can sustainable levels of resource extraction, production and consumption be achieved?	Conservation strategies Three Rs: reduce, reuse, and recycle The waste hierarchy Challenges to the conservation of resources Case study of EU’s common fisheries
Circular economy and sustainability	What are circular and linear economies?
How can individual consumers make a difference?	UN SDG 12 Sustainable development challenge for India Solutions for reducing resource consumption at global and local scales
Reflection	Global pattern of resource production and consumption Ways of expressing culture. Role of MNCs and TNCs in resource extraction and consumption Environmental impact of global production and consumption of resources Circular economy and sustainable development Solutions for dealing with unsustainable levels of resource exploitation and consumption

Unit 6: How can biomes be managed for all to benefit?

Subtopic	Description
What are biomes and where are they located?	Classification of biomes Characteristics and examples of biomes
Factors affecting biome location	The amount of sun’s energy different areas receive and how that impacts biomes Intertropical convergence zone Seasons Ocean currents Global ocean conveyor belt El-Nino Distance from the sea
Processes in Biome	Soil Nutrient cycles Nutrient cycle of different biomes
How have plants and animals adapted to their biomes?	Food chains, trophic levels and food webs Trophic levels in different biomes How do animals adapt in their biomes?
How have indigenous people adapted to their biomes?	Examples of people from different biomes
Changes caused by the management of biomes	Comparison between normal rainforest biome nutrient cycle and managed rainforest biome nutrient cycle Positive or negative feedback loop
Sustainable and equitable management of biomes	Case study of palm oil farming in tropical rainforest
Reflection	Definition of biomes and their location Processes affecting the location of biomes How people, plants, and animals have adapted to their biomes Destroyed rainforests for palm oil production

Unit 7: In what ways does globalisation affect us?

Subtopic	Description
What is globalisation?	Globalisation is the process through which the world has become more interconnected and interdependent Globalisation in the past
Patterns in global interactions	Dimension of globalisation Economic Social Political Patterns of global trade Comparative advantage theory Balance of trade Trade deficit
How can global trade be fair for all?	Case study: Trade winner- South Korea Case study: Trade loser- Brazil Reasons why global trade is failing poorer nations
Types of international flows	Time-space convergence Change in financial, labour, and information flows due to global interactions Different forms of financial flows International flow of people Flow of information
Effectiveness of aid as a strategy for ending poverty	What is aid? Poverty cycle Different types of aids
Cultural exchange and globalisation	Difference between cultural diffusion and cultural imperialism Impact of cultural imperialism
Reflection	Patterns of global interactions and trade Role of international trade in creating inequalities in development Connection between the shrinking world and international flows of labour, information and finance Different types of aid Role of aid in achieving SDGs

Unit 8: Do we have the right to see the world?

Subtopic	Description
How has tourism changed?	Tourism in the past Butler resort life-cycle model Reasons for the increase in tourism Socio-economic Environmental Political How and why has tourism changed over time?
Main tourist destinations	Examples of UNESCO World Heritage sites Types of tourism Niche holidays Mass tourism Ecotourism
Environmental impacts of tourism	Carbon emissions Role of TNCs in tourism
Tourism and economic development	Tourism has become an important part of global economy. Countries like the Maldives are heavily reliant on tourism for their GNI Tourism and employment and local economy
Tourism and homogenization of cultures	Socio-cultural impacts of tourism Homogenization Zooification Tourism and local communities
Reflection	Tourism over the years Impact of tourism- economic, social and cultural impact Negative impacts of tourism

Unit 9: What are the consequences of our inaction in response to climate change?

Subtopic	Description
Layers of Earth’s atmosphere and energy budget	What is the atmosphere? Layers of atmosphere Troposphere Stratosphere Mesosphere Thermosphere Exosphere Earth’s energy budget Global energy flows
Greenhouse gases	Role of greenhouse gases Greenhouse effect The earth’s short and longwave radiation transfer
Patterns and trends that show global climate change	Trends in land and ocean temperatures Changes in levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere over the years Changes in air temperature over the years
Natural causes for climate change	Sunspots Albedo effect Volcanic eruptions Natural methane release Ocean currents
Human causes of climate change	Relation between increase in greenhouse gases and increase in wealth Global trends that show climate change
Consequences of climate change	Geographical consequences of climate change Consequences for the cryosphere and the hydrosphere Acidification of oceans Permafrost melting Consequences that affect biosphere Changes in biomes and habitats Spatial changes in agriculture Consequences that affect the atmosphere Incidence and severity of extreme weather events Drought
Managing consequences of global climate change	Mitigation and adaptation Role of UN COP 21
Reflection	Reasons for climate change Greenhouse effect Evidence of climate change using trends and patterns Consequences of climate change Ways to mitigate and adapt to climate change

Unit 10: What happens when humans live in hazardous places?

Subtopic	Description
Natural hazards and natural disasters	What are natural hazards? Degg’s disaster model What are natural disasters? Examples of disasters and hazards
Global trend in natural disasters	Global distribution of natural disasters Loss events worldwide 1980- Contributing factors to natural disasters
How do natural hazards change in scale, magnitude and frequency?	Types of hazards Causes and effects of hazards Case studies of the Mumbai monsoon flood of 2005, the Japan volcano eruption of 2018 and the UK floods of 2007. Magnitude and frequency of hazards The Saffir Simpson scale The European avalanche danger scale
Why are some places more vulnerable than others?	Hazard perception, vulnerability and risk Hazard perception model Factors that decide human vulnerability Exposure Sensitivity Resilience Coping capacity
Is it ever possible to be completely prepared for natural disasters?	Human response to natural hazards Managing hazards
Reflection	Differences between hazards and disasters Global trends in natural disasters Classification of hazards based on magnitude and frequency Differences in risk, vulnerability and hazard perception in different places Impacts of natural hazards on communities around the world Ways to respond to natural disasters

Unit 11: Can tectonically active areas all be managed in the same way?

Subtopic	Description
Tectonic activity	What causes tectonic activity? Unstable earth’s crust Tectonic processes Plate boundaries and active zones of the earth’s crust Plate margins
What happens during an earthquake and a volcanic eruption?	Nature of earthquakes Frequency, magnitude and intensity Richter scale earthquake magnitude The Mercalli scale Volcanoes Global distribution of volcanoes and earthquakes Classification of volcanoes Primary and secondary effects of earthquakes and volcano eruptions Summary of effects Case study of mount Merapi volcanic eruption, Indonesia and Eyjafjallajökull volcanic eruption, Iceland
Can technology help predict earthquakes and volcanic eruptions?	Scientific discoveries in the field of plate tectonics Can technological innovations help scientists predict tectonic events? Earthquake monitoring methods Volcano monitoring methods
Effects of tectonic processes on people in different contexts	Vulnerability and exposure to disasters
Extent to which technology can limit the impact of tectonic hazards	Factors deciding the impact of tectonic hazards Ways to respond to tectonic hazards
Managing consequences of global climate change	Mitigation and adaptation Role of UN COP 21
Reflection	Global distribution of tectonic features Different plate margins and tectonic processes Different volcanoes and earthquake zones Role of innovations in making hazard prone zones safer Impacts of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions on communities around the world Greenhouse effect Ways to respond to tectonic hazards

Unit 12: Can humans fix the damage they caused?

Subtopic	Description
To what extent is GIS a tool for sustainability and future planning?	GIS integrates spatial data for informed decision-making in sustainability and planning. It aids in visualizing, analyzing, and interpreting environmental, social, and economic factors.
What must be considered when managing the population of a country?	Population management involves social, economic, and environmental factors. Balancing growth with resources, infrastructure, and services is crucial.
Can urban areas ever be managed sustainably?	Sustainable urban management balances economic, social, and environmental aspects. Strategies include compact city design, green infrastructure, and citizen participation.
Can humans use technology to counter the impact of their activities on water systems?	Technology monitors, manages, and mitigates human impact on water. Hard and soft engineering technologies are used for efficient water management.
How can we meet our global consumption levels in the future?	Sustainable consumption patterns are needed to meet global needs. Strategies include resource efficiency, waste reduction, and international cooperation.
Is it possible for management of biomes to be sustainable and equitable?	Biome management balances conservation and development. Indigenous knowledge, protected areas, and sustainable practices play key roles.
Do the positive effects of globalisation outweigh its negative effects?	Globalization brings economic growth but also inequality and cultural homogenization. Sustainable policies are needed to address its negative impacts.
To what extent does tourism aid equality in a country?	Tourism can create jobs but may also exacerbate inequality. Sustainable tourism practices aim to maximize benefits while minimizing negative impacts.
Why is it so difficult to have a global sustainable response to climate change?	Climate change requires global cooperation but faces political and economic challenges. Mitigation and adaptation efforts are hindered by disagreements over responsibility and funding.
Should hazard warning systems be equally available to all?	Equal access to hazard warning systems is crucial for ensuring public safety. Disparities in access can lead to unequal preparedness and vulnerability during disasters
To what extent can technology limit the impact of tectonic hazards?	Technology can mitigate tectonic hazard impacts through early warning systems. Tools like seismic monitoring, GPS, and building design can reduce risks and enhance resilience.
Reflection	Questions related to how we can make the world a fairer place How technology can help us Raising awareness of major issues that affect people around the world

HISTORY

There are a total of 13 units under Individuals and Societies (History) MYP 4&5. In the table below, you can find the specific criterion every unit focuses on in board examinations to prepare with the help of a focused learning approach for your exams.

Unit 1: How revolutionary was the Industrial Revolution?

Subtopic	Description
Industrial Revolution	Why did the Industrial Revolution start in Britain? Key inventions that helped in the Industrial Revolution Textile industry Iron industry Steam Engine
Factories in Britain	Conditions in factories Sources that relate the conditions in factories
Reformation of factories	Child labour 1833 Factory Reform Act
Changes caused due to the industrial revolution	Social change Political change Related maps People’s charter Suffragettes Electoral reform 1800-85
Impact of Industrial revolution in Japan	Feudal system in Japan Internal factors that caused the Industrial Revolution in Japan External factors that caused the Industrial Revolution in Japan 1954 Treaty of Kanagawa Effects of Unequal Treaties on the Japanese Comparing Britain and Japan
Meiji reforms	Meiji restoration Meiji reforms Abolition of the feudal system Political reforms Economic reforms Social reforms Military reforms Revision of the unequal treaties
Benefits of Meiji reforms	Impact of ending of the feudal system Impact of industrialisation Related sources
Reflection	Reasons why the Industrial Revolution took place Different inventions that made the Industrial Revolution possible Impact of the industrial revolution on people in Britain and Japan Comparison between Britain and Japan

Unit 2: What impact have pioneers, innovators and developers had on societies?

Subtopic	Description
First pioneers in America	Who are pioneers, innovators and developers? Aim of expeditions Sources related to expeditions
Why did nineteenth-century America encourage innovation?	Other examples of inventors Thomas Edison Josephine Cochrane
Reflection	Examples of inventors and pioneers Reasons for the success of these inventors and pioneers

Unit 3: Does trade and exchange promote cooperation or lead to exploitation?

Subtopic	Description
Key trades and trading routes	Spice trade Cultural exchange due to trade Silk trade and the silk route Opium trade 19th century China
Manchu China’s attitude to trade with the West	History of contact between the Europeans and the Manchu
Opium trade and war between China and Britain in 1839	Long-term causes of war Cultural and diplomatic differences Economic differences/attitude towards trade Short-term causes of war Dispute over the opium trade Sources related to the opium trade Lin Zexu’s role in the opium trade Immediate causes of war Britain claims extraterritoriality End of the first opium war Treaty of Nanjing Reasons for the second opium war Treaty of Tientsin Concession of Beijing
Effects of the opium wars on China	Advantages foreign powers got due to unfair treaties Impact of western influence and exploitation in China at the domestic level Chinese government’s response to the West Failure of China’s self-strengthening
Western aid to China in the nineteenth century	Christian missionaries in China The Boxer Rebellion
How can interactions lead to exploitation and hostility?	The slave trade Depiction of the slave trade on the map Related sources Effects of the slave trade Reasons why slavery continued in the USA until 1865
Importance of aid	International aid Impact of aid
Reflection	Different types of global trade at different times How trade can cause benefits but also conflict Different types of aid Consequences of aid

Unit 4: Why have our everyday lives changed over the past century?

Subtopic	Description
Impact of the industrial revolution on everyday life	How the daily lives of people were affected
Impact of mass production	Example of Henry Ford and his method Impact of mass production on different industries Related sources
Impact of the second world war on daily life in Britain	London’s Blitz Evacuation Rationing Lives of women Government and propaganda and censorshipGovernment and welfare schemes
Impact of the role of government on everyday life in the 20th century	Changes the government brought about after the war Laws passed by the British government after the Second World War
Reflection	Impact of technology, war and government on daily life

Unit 5: How have health and medicine improved over time?

Subtopic	Description
Medicine and health over time	Developments in medicine before 1750 Contribution of ancient Greeks to medicine and health Contribution of the Romans to medicine and health Health and medicine in the middle ages Epidemic and the plague Renaissance and health and medicine Factors that brought about changes in medicine
Significant breakthroughs in medicine in the 19th century	Enlightenment and the Scientific Revolution Impact of the industrial revolution on medicine and health Vaccinations-smallpox Women in medicine Germ theory Surgery Infection Blood loss Public health Related sources
Significant breakthroughs in medicine in the 20th century	Improvements due to the First World War Managing blood loss New ways of fighting infections Surgery techniques improved Summary of medical progress during the first world war The second world war and its impact Discovery of penicillin New surgical techniques Ways of combating disease Improvements in public health Summary of medical progress during the second world war
Reflection	Key developments in 19th and 20thcentury in medicine and health Impact of industrial revolution that caused changes in medicine and health Role of individuals in bringing about this change

Unit 6: Do social, cultural and artistic movements reflect the era in which they take place?

Subtopic	Description
Industrial Revolution and art	Famous paintings of the era Romanticism Realism Photography
Impact of the first world war on culture	Dada movement Quotes from artists of the time
Bolshevik revolution in Russia and its impact on culture and society	Socialist realism Case study of Vsevolod Meyerhold Impact of socialist realism in the soviet union
The 1960s- a period of cultural and social change	Reasons for the movement of the develop The Vietnam war Results of the 1960s youth movement Social developments The hippie movement Student protest
Reflection	Impact of industrial revolution, the first world war and the Bolshevik revolution on artistic movements and cultural movements Social and cultural changes in the 1960s

Unit 7: How have ideas reflected change in the last 200 years?

Subtopic	Description
Intellectual movements and ideologies of the 19th and 20thcenturies	Anarchism Nihilists Liberalism Marxism Communism Democratic socialism Social Darwinism Fascism National socialism Humanism Existentialism Feminism Timeline of significant women and their achievements in the 20th century Related sources
Impact of the first world war on culture	Dada movement Quotes from artists of the time
Bolshevik revolution in Russia and its impact on culture and society	Socialist realism Case study of Vsevolod Meyerhold Impact of socialist realism in the soviet union
Reflection	Different intellectual and ideological movements of the 19th and the 20thcenturies Role of different individuals and organisations within these movements Impact of these ideas on our lives today

Unit 8: Why do nations go to war and why is peace-making difficult?

Subtopic	Description
Keys factors that led to the outbreak of the first world war	The alliance systems Anglo-German rivalry Increase in military spending Need to plan for war Germany: The Schlieffen plan France: Plan 17 Austria-Hungary Russia Timelines of the first world war
Short-term causes of the first world war	The Moroccan crises, 1905 and 1911 The Agadir conference, 1911 Problems in the Balkans The Bosnian crisis, 1908 The Balkan wars of 1912 and 1913 The July crisis, 1914 The assassination at Sarajevo Reaction of the great powers
How was the first world war fought?	Failure of the war plans in the West and in the East Why did a conflict between the European powers develop into a world war?
End of the First World War	Reasons for the end of the First World War
Peace-making arrangements after the First World War	The Treaty of Versailles Terms of the treaty Impact of the treaty Actions taken by/on different countries France USA Britain Italy Germany
Key events that led to the second world war	Weakness of the league of nations The great depression Expressionist ideologies in Europe- Hitler and Mussolini New alliances
Short-term causes of the second world war	Munich agreement Nazi-soviet pact Policy of appeasement Expansionist ideologies in Asia-Japan Impact of ideologies on the causes of war Timeline of Japan’s war and America’s war and how the war expanded to Asia
Peace-making agreements made after the second world war	The treaty of San Francisco Comparison between treaty of Versailles and the treaty of San Francisco
Other wars in the 20th century	Vietnam war Gulf war Spanish civil war
Reflection	Causes of the two world wars Ways these wars were fought Peace making process at the end of the world wars Problems of creating and maintain a lasting peace

Unit 9: Why do nations build empires and form supra-national alliances and organisation?

Subtopic	Description
Expansion of empire building in the 19th century	Reasons for the expansion Technological advances Explorers and missionaries Economic reasons Population growth Nationalism and national rivalries Strategic reasons
Different perspective on empire building	Different thinkers on empire building Edward Wakefield J.A. Hobson Vladimir Lenin Sir Thomas Raffles Rudyard Kipling
Alliance systems before the first world war and their impact	The triple alliance (the central powers) The triple entente Country profiles of the great powers of Europe Role of alliances
Why Supra-national organisations are formed and their impact	The League of Nations Structure of the league of nations How did the league respond to the challenges of the aggressor states? Why did the League of Nations fail? United Nations How was the UN created? Organs of the United Nations Who has the most influence in the UN? UN’s specialised agencies How successful were the UN’s specialised agencies? To what extent has the UN been successful in peacekeeping around the world? Timeline of UN peacekeeping missions, 1945-63 Comparing UN actions Case study of the Korean war, 1950-53, Arab-Israeli war, 1967, Congo, 1960
USA and the USSR: superpowers after the second world war	What is a superpower? Reasons for becoming a superpower Military reasons Economic reasons Ideological reasons Difference between USSR and the USA
Why did the superpowers develop spheres of influence?	Reasons for the expansion of the influence of the superpowers
Why did the superpower confrontation go global?	Different perspectives of historians Ways in which the superpowers developed their spheres of influence and confronted each other Case study of China Nazi-soviet pact
Alliance systems after the Second World War	Why alliances are formed? NATO The Warsaw Pact Impact of superpower alliance systems
Reflection	Reasons nations create empires and the role played by economic interests and ideology in their development Different supra-national alliances Why these alliances are formed as systems to protect national interests Work and actions by supra-national organisations Compare and contrast the strengths and weaknesses of these organisations

Unit 10: Why have nationalist movements been successful?

Subtopic	Description
Nationalist movements in the British empire	Britain’s colonies and their nationalist struggles
Factors that led to India gaining independence in 1947	The Rowlatt Act The Amritsar Massacre Gandhi and Non-cooperation Response of the British to civil disobedience Impact of the second world war on nationalist movement in India Situation of Jinnah and the Muslim League
Nationalist movement in Kenya	Why did resentment develop against the British? Actions Mau Mau organisation took Results of the Mau Mau rebellion Importance of the Mau Mau rebellion in getting independence from Britain Nationalist movements in other colonial countries
Reflection	Reasons for the growth of nationalist movements in India and Kenya How the nationalist struggles unfolded Role of nationalist movements in bringing independence

Unit 11: How have civil rights and social protest groups brought about change?

Subtopic	Description
Protest and change in America	Civil rights in America The situation of the southern states of the USA Segregation Voting rights Situation in the northern states of the USA Actions taken before 1950 to improve the situation for Black Americans Legal action Brown vs Topeka Board of Education, 1954 Central High School, Little Rock, 1957 Direct Action The Montgomery Bus Boycott Sit-ins The Freedom Riders Marches Birmingham Washington The civil rights act 1964 Selma The Voting Rights Act Why did some Black Americans criticise non-violent protest? The nation of Islam and Malcolm X What was meant by black power? The impact of non-violent protest
Protest and change in South Africa	Civil rights in South Africa The apartheid system Apartheid laws How was the apartheid system maintained? Success of non-violent protest in opposing the apartheid regime? The Defiance Campaign Bus Boycotts Protest against passes The Freedom Charter The Treason Trial Violent protests Why did the South Africans resort to violence? The Rivona Trials Other forms of resistance to apartheid Steve Biko and Black Consciousness The Soweto uprising and student protest Related sources How Apartheid ended Factors which contributed to the end of apartheid
Reflection	Reasons Civil Rights Protest in America and South Africa Nature of protest Impact of protests in bringing about change

Unit 12: Can individuals make a difference in shaping the world?

Subtopic	Description
‘Intentionalist’ idea of history	Factors that make an individual significant in history List of significant individuals Impact of individuals on trade in medicine and industry innovation in art and culture on intellectual and ideological movements on the development of conflict and on peace-making on empires and alliances on political and social change overall impact of individuals
Views on different key factors driving historical change	Marxists Structuralist Annales Accidentalists
Reflection	Role of individuals in bringing about change in a variety of spheres

Unit 13: What are the consequences of inaction?

Subtopic	Description
Genocide	Meaning of genocide Un definition of genocide Why should we learn about genocide? Why genocide took place?
Holocaust	What was the holocaust? Reasons for the holocaust Ideological opponents of Nazism Anti-Jewish policies carried out by the Nazis after 1933 Timeline of policies enforced against the Jews Second world war and its effect on the Jews Ghettos Einsatzgruppen The Final Solution
Role of Hitler	How Hitler made the holocaust happen Related sources
Role of the Nazi state in causing the holocaust	Actions of the state that led to the holocaust Nazi leaders and their actions Related sources
Role of the ordinary German people in causing the Holocaust?	How the common people of Germany were accomplices to the holocaust Related sources
Role of the Second World War in causing the holocaust	The Second World led to the holocaust in some ways Examples of genocides
Reflection	Reasons for the Holocaust Examples of genocides Causal factors for genocide

Also Read: Comprehensive IB Maths AA SL & HL Syllabus

INDIVIDUALS AND SOCIETIES

There are a total of 12 units under Individuals and Societies MYP 4-5.

Unit 1: Why do individuals form social groups?

Subtopic	Description
Why do individuals form social groups?	Evolution and inheritance. Advantages of living in a social group. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Disadvantages of living in a social group.
How does the structure of social groups promote the participation of individuals?	Durkheim and size and complexity of social units Main causes of change in social groups. Small and large groups. Mechanical solidarity. Organic solidarity. Kinship ties. Economic systems Slavery Feudalism Capitalism Communism
What is equality?	Production, consumption, trade and exchange. Thoughts of Marx on giving the power in the hand of workers. Equality versus Equity Equality- everyone earns equal wage irrespective of gender. Equity- fairness, providing someone with something they need. Future of workforce and automation Effect of industrial revolution. Increase in productivity. Development of coal-fired engines.
How and why do social groups behave in a similar way?	Norms and Values Norms and values are important beliefs and rules of a community that are expected to be fulfilled by all members of the group. Consequences of acting against the beliefs of your social group. Role of religion in the way people interact. Religion and its effect on politics. Religion and its effect on legal systems. Culture Culture refers to the ideas, beliefs and customs of a social group. E.B. Tylor’s definition of culture. Role of culture in building connections between people. Cultural diffusion Globalisation gives birth to cultural diffusion. People adapt to new influences and beliefs. Cultures of different countries and regions have successfully spread themselves throughout the different parts of the world. Glocalization.
Role of social media in shaping society.	Importance of social media for businesses and building social public relations. Contribution of technology and social media platforms in creating a worldwide market for trade, opportunities and challenges. Social media and advertising. Examples of social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter and Instagram. Use of feedback to get reviews and suggestions about products through social media. Expanding businesses through social media. Using social media influencers in today’s era to attract their followers to buy products.
Impact of social groups on sustainability of resources.	Meeting the needs of the present generation in a manner that does not deplete resources and affect the lives of future generations is known as sustainability. It is basically the maintenance of resources. Pillars of sustainability Social sustainability Environmental sustainability Economic sustainability
How do we study Individuals and Societies?	Using sources Observations Graphical skills Interpretation of data Critical thinking
Reflection	Reasons for forming social groups. Impact of growing populations on relationships between groups. Equality and equity. Government and taxes. Role of law, globalisation and social media in shaping societies and social groups.

Unit 2: Why are empires formed?

Subtopic	Description
Common characteristics of empires.	Empire- a large group of states/regions all under the control of a single monarch. Examples of famous empires like New Kingdom Egypt and The Roman Empire etc. Reasons for the formation of empires. Imperialism Common attributes of empires All have a central authority Are formed as a result of military war or economic domination Central authority An individual or small group of people acting as the central authority of the empire. Presence of a capital city. The government of the empire was in charge of law, military, economy and resources. Central authorities of, New Kingdom Egypt Imperial Rome
Role of the military in development of empires.	Role of military in, Umayyad Caliphate Mongol Empire
Role of innovation and technology in development of empires.	Chariot warfare Greatest development in warfare- creation of chariot (a 2 person cart with a composite bow to make a weapon). Structure of a chariot. Detailed use of a chariot. Explanation of Chariot warfare in New Kingdom Egypt.
Role of economics in development of empires.	Careful security of important supplies like grains, eater and other resources can be proven very useful and a significant factor of expansion. Roman Empire Grain in Egypt Silver and agriculture in Carthage
Role of climate in development of empires.	Role of climate in development and expansion of Umayyad Caliphate The Mongol Empire
Is the formation of empires an inevitable part of human history?	The formation of empires was highly based on military conquest and economic needs. Although the establishment of empires has frequently occurred throughout human history, it is not always the case. A multitude of interrelated elements play a complex role in the formation of empires, and historical developments can vary depending on the conditions and settings.
To what extent are empires a thing of the past?	Empires have had a huge effect on the world we live in today. In today’s time, with the coming of different forms of governments like Democracy in most parts of the world, empires might have become a thing of the past.
Reflection	Formation of empires. Characteristics of empires. Importance and contribution of a variety of factors in the making of an empire. Benefits of empires.

Unit 3: How do empires work?

Subtopic	Description
What systems keep empires in place?	Government and Bureaucracy Legal systems Law and law enforcement Infrastructure Dams and Canals Food storage Communication systems Similarity between empires and modern supranational organizations and superpowers.
Effects of global interaction of empires.	Cultural exchange (ideas and goods) In roman empire Engineering Religion Language In Mongol empire Religion Technology and ideas Agriculture, travel and commerce
How can empire’s successfully defend themselves from challenges and threats?	To protect the empire the monarch must be prepared against military threats. Different empires and their forms of protection: Standing armies Roman empire Mongols Alliances Medes-Babylon alliance Delian league Military constructions Fortress of Mirgissa Constantinople city walls The Great Wall of China
What factors might be important for maintaining a successful empire?	Military strength Military infrastructure Treaties New legal system Alliances Resource management Planning Innovation Adaptation
To what extent is leadership important in the maintenance of empires?	Provides vision and direction Enhances decision-making Ensures code and conduct Ensures stability Crisis management
Reflection	Systems maintaining empires. Effects of global interaction and innovation. Protection from threats.

Unit 4: How do empires fall?

Subtopic	Description
Why do empires fail?	Reasons of collapse of an empire External issues Climate change Decline in agriculture Famine Disease Invasion of an empire Internal issues Failure to maintain systems Poor taxation Poor transportation Unstable economy Corruption
Effect of environmental factors on the stability of an empire	Natural disasters Earthquakes Tsunamis Volcanic eruptions Floods Storms Hurricanes Cyclones Typhoons Climate change (for instance the Kiloyear Event). Disease (for instance the Antoine Plague of Rome and China).
Internal factors that led to the fall of empires.	Civil war Parthian empire Sasanian empire Inca civil war Rebellions Ming revolt against Yuan Dynasty of China Independence movements Fatimid Caliphate Breakdown of imperial systems Roman empire Mongol empire
External factors that led to the fall of empires.	Innovation End of bronze age Changes in warfare End of Chariot warfare Use of iron
	Military superiority Mongols against Xi Xia and Song Dynasty of China Economic weakness Mamluk Sultanate
What is left in the aftermath of an empire’s collapse?	Collapse of an empire affects Communication Legal systems Security Economy
Empires and superpowers and peace.	World peace, superpowers, and empires have a complicated and dynamic connection that has changed over time. While certain superpowers and empires have aided in times of comparatively calm and stability, others have been linked to unrest and instability.
Reflection	Reasons behind failure of an empire. Military superiority, economic superiority, innovation, climate and size as reasons for collapse. Strengths of an empire. Weaknesses of an empire. Empires and the modern world.

Unit 5: What impact do humans have on natural environments?

Subtopic	Description
Where are different environments located?	The Earth’s surface is home to a variety of ecosystems, each distinguished by a distinct blend of topography, climate, and biological traits.
What are the characteristics of natural environments?	Rainforests Rainforest vegetation Rainforest wildlife Deserts Vegetation Desert wildlife Grasslands Vegetation Wildlife Tundra Vegetation Wildlife Aquatic environments Freshwater environments Marine environments
Impact of humans on the natural environments?	Impact of humans on rainforests. Impact of humans on desert environments. Impact of humans on grasslands. Impact of humans on Tundra. Impact of humans on Freshwater areas. Impact of humans on Marine areas.
Sustainability	Sustainability in rainforests Sustainability in drylands Sustainability in grassland areas Sustainability in Tundra areas Sustainability in marine areas
Globalization and development and globalization and destruction.	Depending on how it is handled and its effects are dealt with, globalization may both be a force for growth and for harm. Globalization and development, Economic growth Technological development Exchange of culture Globalization and destruction, Degradation of environment Social inequality Exploitation of labour
Reflection	Natural environments of earth. Impact of human activities on the environment. Global environmental change. Impact of human interactions on sustainability. Need for balanced use of resources. Preservation of the environment for future generations.

Unit 6: How does population change affect individuals and societies?

Subtopic	Description
Different population growth in different parts of the world.	Impact of physical and human factors in distribution of population in different parts of the world Relief features Soil Climate Availability of water Educational opportunities Job and economical opportunities Social factors Political factors Environmental factors
Variation of population within a country.	Few areas of China are more populous as compared to other chinese regions due to high opportunity of trade routes, business, prosperity, climate, education, development etc. in some areas over another. International migration-Mexico and USA.
Causes and consequences of forced migration and internal displacement.	Difficult access to food, water, shelter and healthcare. Social disruption. Trauma and mental health disorders. Harm to resources and stability. Case study of forced migration from Syria.
Change in population over time and measurement of population.	Migration- a constant factor of change in population. Birth rate Death rate Fertility rate Demographic transition model. Population pyramids
Is it possible to manage the change in population?	Use of demographic transition model and population pyramids to analyse change in population over time. Implementation of government policies to solve issues related to population and control growth. (for instance China’s one child policy)
Consequences of expansion and growth of metropolitan areas.	Enhanced employment opportunities. Advancement of technology and its advantages. Advancement of technology and its disadvantages. Cultural change. Cost of living. Development of infrastructure.
Population as a development or population as a destruction?	Development Economic growth Market demand Innovation High productivity Investments in education, healthcare, infrastructure etc. Destruction Over use and straining of resources Environmental degradation Global warming Poverty Less employment opportunities and more employees Inequality Conflict Pollution
Reflection	Population change. Impact and consequences of population change. Factors influencing variation in population. Population- key cause of social and environmental change. Population as a source of development. Advantages of population growth. Disadvantages of population growth.

Unit 7: Can urban systems and environments be managed sustainably?

Subtopic	Description
Sustainable development	Sustainable development refers to fulfilling the needs and requirements of the present generation without harming the possibility of future generations to fulfil their needs. Egan wheel 17 Sustainable development goals- launched by the United Nations in 2015.
City as a system.	Unsustainable linear city and sustainable circular city system. Megacity and Eco-city. Studying inputs and outputs.
Problems faced by urban areas.	Air pollution High population Overcrowding Deforestation Limited green belt LEDCs and MEDCs High collection of waste Crime Inequality Poverty Limited supply of services and jobs due to high number of applications Urban stress Cycle of deprivation
Sustainable cities	Masdar city Curitiba
Innovation and sustainability	Role of technology and innovation in development and growth today. Examples of innovative ideas like Uber that have promising claims of reducing car ownership as the majority of people would opt for Uber services that plan to use low-emission hybrid vehicles. Resulting in fewer cars on road, thereby reducing pollution and overcrowding. Examples of innovative ideas like Waze that have promising claims of providing users with the shortest routes possible, thereby reducing jams and consumption of fuel.
Is a sustainable city real?	Yes, if built with proper planning and regular maintenance and check, sustainable cities are real. Characteristics of sustainable cities, Equality Environmental sustainability Careful use of resources Sanitation Economic opportunities and prosperity
Reflection	Urban cities as a system. Role of innovation in development and sustainability. Case studies of sustainable cities. Evaluation of urban systems as sustainable environments. Innovative strategies to bring sustainability. Key aspects of a sustainable city.

Unit 8: How do we decide what to produce?

Subtopic	Description
Economic systems.	Factors of production. Command economies. Market economies.
Working of markets.	Markets Demand Supply Supply and Demand diagram Changing markets
How markets impact our lives?	Negative externalities (negative impact) Positive externalities (positive impact)
Role of government in markets.	Taxes Subsidies Price ceilings Price floors Laws and regulations
Economy	What is an economy? Governments Banks Foreign markets Aggregate demand and aggregate supply
What is meant by recession and why is it so bad?	What is recession? What leads to recession? Negative consequences of recession.
Government	Role of government in shaping the economy. Classical school of thought and Freidrich Von Hayek
Reflection	Markets How do markets work? Examples of systems that do not work well. Market economy. Role of governments.

Unit 9: Can we make a fairer world through trade?

Subtopic	Description
Globalization	What is globalization? Causes and consequences of globalization. Types of firms in an economy.
Globalization- good or bad?	Hyper-globalists Sceptical internationalists
Trade	Reasons behind trade. Theory of comparative advantage. Supply and demand. Impact of trade on consumers. Impact of trade on producers.
Importance of trade.	Importance of trade for a successful society. Example of Petra.
Reason behind restriction of trade in some countries.	Trade might be restricted to protect domestic products against foreign products. Reasons for restriction might include, Fledging or Infant industries Sunset industries. Concept of anti-dumping. Protection of jobs. Independence Security Protecting culture Health, safety and environmental regulations.
How is trade restricted?	Tariffs Protectionism
Trade agreements between countries.	Free trade area Customs union Common market Monetary union Complete economic integration
Determination of the value of a currency.	Changing currency values everyday. Evaluating the change of currency values.
Pros and cons of trade and aid.	Advantages for trade. Disadvantages against trade. Advantages for aid. Disadvantages against aid. Advantages for microfinance. Disadvantages of microfinance.
Reflection	How trade improves international relations? Trade and competitiveness of firms. Protectionist measures. Trade agreements between countries. Currencies Exchange trades

Unit 10: How can developing countries successfully increase standards of living?

Subtopic	Description
Growth and development. How can development be measured?	Poverty cycle. Use of poverty cycle and economic growth.
To what extent does economic growth result in development?	Income Inequality Negative Externalities. Unsustainable use of resources. Overdependence on a narrow range of Industrial Output.
Characteristics of a developing country.	Single Indicators like Birth Rates and income. Composite Indicators. Human Development Index and associated methodology.
Progress towards international development goals.	Millennium Development Goals. Sustainable Development Goals.
Challenges faced by developing countries.	Economic barriers. Corruption and Political Instability. HIV and AIDS. Geographical Barriers.
To what extent does development require intervention in markets?	Market-based Policies. Interventionist Policies. Public Goods.
Reflection	Concept of development. Challenges that certain nations encounter in improving their quality of life. Various policies that governments can employ to foster development.

Unit 11: Is our exploitation of the Earth sustainable?

Subtopic	Description
Production of oil.	90 million barrels of oil produced everyday. Middle east- largest supplier of oil. OPEC- Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries. Dependency of the world on the Middle East for oil. Major suppliers- Saudi Arabia followed by Russia, Iran, Iraq and Venezuela.
Extraction of resources.	Process of extraction depends on raw material and surface. Common extraction methods, Drilling via oil sands Extracting petroleum from oil or tar sands Hydraulic fracturing or fracking
Crude oil	Importance of oil in the Naval Arms Race. Manchurian crisis. Tripartite Pact of 27 September, 1940. German expansionism- Operation Barbarossa. The Suez Canal and the Suez Crisis of 1956. The Iraq war.
Oil prices	Volatile oil prices. Reasons for constant fluctuation of oil prices, Price elasticity of demand Price elasticity of supply
Resource extraction- As a source of development.	Extraction of oil is a huge source of development, because, Trade Transportation Oil industry Other Industries Reliance on primary goods More tax revenue
Are resource-extraction industries sustainable? Do the benefits outweigh its costs?	Pollution Decline of food production Economic issues Environmental concerns Example of development in Dubai
Alternatives to oil.	Hydroelectric power Solar panels Wind energy
Reflection	Distribution of oil reserves. Extraction of oil. Effect of oil production and trade. Why do oil prices fluctuate so much? Price elasticity of demand. Price elasticity of supply. Positive and negative impacts of oil export. Sustainability of oil industries. Effects oil extraction and industry.

Unit 12: How has our perspective changed now?

Subtopic	Description
Learning skill approaches.	Research and gathering data. Framing an investigation. Problem-solving. Collaborative learning. Use of feedback. Reflection
Developing a research question.	Identify current affairs and issues. Focus on certain aspects of an issue. Try to make the research question as focused and precise as possible. Research and planning. Read previous papers and essays.
Change in perspective.	Perspective changes on coming across different subjects. This is because of, Prior knowledge Different people have different views and different understandings of a topic. Cognitive flexibility. Critical thinking skills. Awareness For instance, a historian, economist,geographer etc. all will have different perspectives about the Wall Street Crash of 1929, as all are from different subject fields, have different critical thinking skills, awareness levels, cognitive ideas and vision.
Knowing that the information we read is true.	Evaluate the source. Use data from government websites or secured websites of trusted organisations. Cross -check evidence from different trusted sites. Critical thinking
Answering exam style questions.	Techniques to answer exam style questions. Focus on criteria. Focus on command terms. Be precise and focused. Be critical and not generic. Provide evidence. Time management.
Reflection.	Skills needed to excel in an MYP Individuals and Societies course. Ability to elucidate intricate concepts and issues, gather research to substantiate our arguments, assess assertions, and craft counter-arguments. Ideas from various viewpoints and scrutinised the ramifications of those perspectives.

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